Short flame travel path;
Good volumetric efficiencies;
Satisfactory scavenging of the exhaust gases;
Adequate cooling of sparking plug points:
Good cooing of exhaust value head
The use of the highest possible compression ratio for any fuel of given octane rating.
The best results have been obtained by making the valves of ample head proportion the inlet is made rather larger than exhaust. The sparking plug is located in a fairly central position so as to give the shorter flame paths in all directions, as far as possible.
Further, a certain amount of swirl or turbulence of the compressed mixture is provided by the combustion chamber shape, in relation to the point at the top of its compression stroke to sufficiently cool the sparking lug by the mixture movement.
There are relatively large numbers of alternative arrangements available. However, the number of practicable design found are vary limited and some of them like L-head, and T-head chambers are now although obsolete but modifications to these type are Still in use with increase in their efficiency and performance results.
Internal-combustion engine can be operated on many different kinds of fuels, including liquid, gaseous, and even solid material. The character o the fuel used may have considerable influence on the design, output, efficiency, fuel consumption, and-in many cars-the reliability and durability of the engine.
From the point of view of spark-ignition-engine performance, the following fuel characteristics are of importance.
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